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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: January 12, 2015

Stem-cell-like embryonic explants to study cardiac development.

Boni A Afouda¹

¹Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. boni.afouda@ed.ac.uk

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|September 8, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Xenopus animal pole cells offer pluripotency for generating tissues and organs. This chapter details methods using these stem-cell-like explants to study organ development, particularly cardiogenesis, in isolation.

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Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 2, 2016

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: January 12, 2015

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Stem cell biology
Regenerative medicine

Background:

Xenopus blastula animal pole cells exhibit pluripotency.
This pluripotency enables the generation of diverse tissues and functional organs ex vivo.
This has spurred research into organ development mechanisms and engineering strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe key methods for using Xenopus embryonic explants as an assay system.
To focus on studying cardiogenesis (heart development) in isolation.
To enable investigation of molecular mechanisms and cellular processes in organogenesis.

Main Methods:

Utilizing Xenopus stem-cell-like embryonic explants.
Employing these explants as an isolated assay system for organ development.
Focusing on cardiogenesis assays to study heart formation independently.

Main Results:

The described assay system allows for the investigation of cardiogenesis separate from neighboring tissues.
It minimizes interference from other developmental processes.
The system serves as a heterologous model to study cardiogenesis in isolation from endogenous heart development.

Conclusions:

Xenopus embryonic explants provide a powerful tool for studying organogenesis, especially cardiogenesis.
This isolated assay system facilitates detailed investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms.
The findings support strategies for organ engineering and understanding developmental processes.