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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

A selective memory deficit caused by autoimmune encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Christos Koros¹, Alexandra Economou, George Mastorakos

¹Cognitive Neurology-Extrapyramidal Disorders Unit, 1st University Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. chkoros@gmail.com

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology : Official Journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology

|September 11, 2012

Summary

Hashimoto thyroiditis can cause selective memory loss in adults. Prompt diagnosis with neuropsychological evaluation and treatment with levothyroxine and dexamethasone can restore cognitive function.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland.
Autoimmune encephalopathy (AE) associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis typically presents with stroke-like episodes or diffuse cognitive decline.
Thyroid dysfunction can impact cognitive function, but selective memory deficits are less commonly recognized.

Observation:

A 45-year-old woman with Hashimoto thyroiditis on levothyroxine presented with a 2-year history of selective memory and concentration deficits.
Standard neurological and cognitive screenings (Mini-Mental State Examination) were normal, but detailed neuropsychological evaluation revealed significant verbal memory impairment.
Brain MRI and CSF analysis were unremarkable, though EEG showed intermittent bilateral multifocal theta waves.

Findings:

The patient's cognitive deficits and EEG abnormalities resolved after increasing levothyroxine dosage and initiating dexamethasone therapy.
This case demonstrates that Hashimoto thyroiditis-associated autoimmune encephalopathy can manifest as a chronic, selective memory deficit.
Executive functions and short-term memory remained intact, distinguishing it from more generalized cognitive impairment.

Implications:

Selective memory deficits in Hashimoto thyroiditis may be misdiagnosed as depression or other psychiatric conditions.
Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation is crucial for identifying subtle cognitive impairments in autoimmune thyroid disease.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can lead to significant cognitive recovery in patients with Hashimoto encephalopathy.