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Hearing loss in older adults.

Anne D Walling1, Gretchen M Dickson

  • 1University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS 67214-3199, USA.

American Family Physician
|September 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hearing loss is common in older adults, affecting men more than women. Early screening and management, including hearing aids and addressing causes, can improve outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Geriatrics
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Hearing loss is prevalent in adults, particularly those over 60, with men experiencing greater severity and earlier onset.
  • Age-related hearing loss is common, but various conditions can impede sound conduction and neural processing.
  • Risk factors include noise exposure and ototoxic medications, necessitating screening in adults aged 50-60.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies for hearing loss in adults.
  • To emphasize the importance of early screening and diagnosis.
  • To discuss barriers to effective treatment and rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on hearing loss prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic methods.
  • Discussion of clinical screening tests (whispered voice, audioscopy) and audiometry.
  • Analysis of management options, including addressing underlying causes and rehabilitative approaches.

Main Results:

  • Hearing loss affects a significant portion of older adults, with higher prevalence in men.
  • Risk factors like noise and ototoxic drugs are identifiable through patient history.
  • Audiometric testing is crucial for diagnosis, and urgent assessment is needed for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusions:

  • Management involves treating reversible causes and optimizing residual hearing with devices and programs.
  • Barriers to treatment include underrecognition, perception of aging, and nonadherence to hearing aids.
  • Early detection and comprehensive management are key to improving hearing in older adults.

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