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Related Concept Videos

Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
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Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

The yeast THO complex forms a 5-subunit assembly that directly interacts with active chromatin.

Kamil Gewartowski1, Jorge Cuéllar2, Andrzej Dziembowski1

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw, Poland; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology; University of Warsaw; Warsaw, Poland.

Bioarchitecture
|September 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The THO complex, crucial for gene expression and genetic stability, is revealed to have five subunits, including Tex1. Its structure and function in mRNA biogenesis are detailed.

Keywords:
THO complexTREX complexelectron microscopymRNA exportmRNP quality control

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The THO complex is a conserved nuclear structure vital for mRNP biogenesis.
  • It links transcription elongation with mRNA maturation and export.
  • THO ensures genetic stability by preventing transcription-associated recombination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular role of the THO complex.
  • To present THO as a five-subunit complex including Tex1.
  • To elucidate THO's structure, component localization, and nucleic acid interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical analysis to determine THO composition.
  • Low-resolution structural studies.
  • Component localization within the cell.

Main Results:

  • The THO complex comprises five subunits, with Tex1 identified as an integral component.
  • A low-resolution structure of the THO complex was determined.
  • The study highlights the role of Tho2's unfolded C-terminal region in nucleic acid interaction.

Conclusions:

  • THO is essential for gene expression and genetic stability.
  • Tex1 is an integral subunit of the THO complex.
  • THO's interaction with nucleic acids and recruitment to active chromatin are linked to mRNA biogenesis.