Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Outcomes and Validation of Histopathological Scores in Pediatric ANCA-vasculitis.

Kidney international reports·2026
Same author

Kidney biopsy during pregnancy: indications, complications, results and therapeutic impact.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·2026
Same author

Splenectomy in β-thalassemia patients: Practices and risks in a nationwide study.

HemaSphere·2026
Same author

Infectious complications of ANCA-associated vasculitis: Description and associated outcome.

European journal of internal medicine·2026
Same author

Diagnostic Value of the Kappa Free Light Chain Index to Distinguish MOGAD, NMOSD, and MS.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Targeted and Perilesional or Systematic Biopsies in Prostate Cancer: The TARGET Clinical Trial Protocol.

European urology oncology·2026
Same journal

The Presence of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) among Patients with High Burden of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Retrospective Study.

International journal of rheumatology·2025
Same journal

The Efficacy and Tolerability of Prostaglandin Analogues in Treating Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Raynaud Phenomenon: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

International journal of rheumatology·2025
Same journal

An Observational Study on the Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Dermatomyositis and Antisynthetase Syndrome.

International journal of rheumatology·2024
Same journal

Exploring the Psychiatric Manifestations of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

International journal of rheumatology·2024
Same journal

Association of Baseline Serum Soluble Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor Levels with the Response of Rheumatoid Arthritis to Janus Kinase Inhibitor Therapy.

International journal of rheumatology·2024
Same journal

Primary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) and ITP Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review of Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Modalities.

International journal of rheumatology·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Pathologies Associated with Serum IgG4 Elevation.

Mikael Ebbo1, Aurélie Grados, Emmanuelle Bernit

  • 1Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille II, France.

International Journal of Rheumatology
|September 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated serum IgG4 levels are not exclusive to IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Many other conditions can cause high IgG4, so further investigation is crucial before diagnosing IgG4-RD.

More Related Videos

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels are typically associated with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).
  • However, other medical conditions can also present with increased serum IgG4, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the range of diagnoses associated with elevated serum IgG4 levels.
  • To determine the specificity of high serum IgG4 for IgG4-related disease.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 646 IgG subclass analyses performed over one year.
  • Clinical data and final diagnoses were reviewed for 59 patients with serum IgG4 levels exceeding 1.35 g/L.
  • Only polyclonal IgG4 increases were considered.

Main Results:

  • Elevated serum IgG4 was associated with diverse conditions, including infections (25%), autoimmune diseases (13.5%), and IgG4-RD (10%).
  • Other diagnoses included cancer, immune deficiencies, lung diseases, and vasculitis.
  • Mean IgG4 levels and the IgG4/IgG ratio were higher in patients with IgG4-RD compared to other conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Serum IgG4 elevation is not a specific biomarker for IgG4-related disease.
  • Differential diagnosis is essential, considering various other pathologies when serum IgG4 levels are elevated above 1.35 g/L.