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Simple silver nanoparticle colorimetric sensing for copper by paper-based devices.

Nalin Ratnarathorn1, Orawon Chailapakul, Charles S Henry

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.

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|September 13, 2012
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Summary

This study introduces a novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) for detecting copper ions (Cu2+). The silver nanoparticle (AgNP) colorimetric sensor offers a simple, rapid, and portable method for on-site water quality monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Accurate detection of copper ions (Cu2+) is crucial for environmental monitoring and water quality assessment.
  • Existing methods for Cu2+ detection can be complex, time-consuming, and require specialized equipment.
  • Development of portable and cost-effective sensing platforms is needed for widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a paper-based analytical device (PAD) utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the colorimetric detection of Cu2+.
  • To investigate the sensing mechanism and optimize the performance of the AgNP-based sensor for Cu2+.
  • To demonstrate the practical applicability of the developed PAD for real-world water sample analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized and modified with homocysteine (Hcy) and dithiothreitol (DTT) to enhance selectivity for Cu2+.
  • UV-visible spectroscopy was employed to characterize the colorimetric response of AgNPs to Cu2+.
  • Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) were fabricated by immobilizing the modified AgNPs onto paper substrates.
  • Colorimetric changes were analyzed visually and quantitatively using spectrophotometry.
  • The sensor's performance was evaluated for selectivity against various metal ions and for detecting Cu2+ in real water samples.

Main Results:

  • The AgNP sensor exhibited a distinct color change from yellow to orange and green-brown upon interaction with Cu2+, attributed to nanoparticle aggregation.
  • UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the absorption peak at 404 nm and a new red-shifted band at 502 nm in the presence of Cu2+.
  • A linear relationship was observed between color intensity and Cu2+ concentration in the range of 7.8–62.8 μM (R²=0.992).
  • The limit of naked-eye detection for Cu2+ was as low as 7.8 nM (0.5 μg L−1).
  • The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity for Cu2+ over other common metal ions.
  • Accurate quantification of Cu2+ in tap and pond water samples was achieved, with results comparable to atomic absorption spectrometry.

Conclusions:

  • The developed paper-based analytical device (PAD) with modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) provides a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric method for Cu2+ detection.
  • This integrated system offers a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and portable solution for on-site water quality monitoring.
  • The findings highlight the potential of AgNP-based PADs as a valuable tool for environmental analysis and point-of-measurement applications.