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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...

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The effect of P2RX7 functional SNPs on osteoblast cell phenotype, function and signalling- roles in bone homeostasis and osteogenesis.

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Benzamide derivatives as allosteric ligands of the human and rat P2X7 receptor.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells
11:47

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: April 3, 2019

P2X7 Receptor Function in Bone-Related Cancer.

Elena Adinolfi1, Francesca Amoroso, Anna Lisa Giuliani

  • 1Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.

Journal of Osteoporosis
|September 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular ATP

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Tumor microenvironment modulation is key in cancer progression.
  • Extracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) influences tumor growth, neovascularization, and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on the expression and function of the P2X7 receptor for extracellular ATP in bone cancers.
  • To investigate the role of P2X7 in primary and metastatic bone tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mRNA expression microchip databases.
  • Literature review of P2X7 receptor in bone cancer.

Main Results:

  • High P2X7 receptor expression is observed in primary bone tumors and other cancers (multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, breast, prostate).

More Related Videos

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells
11:47

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: April 3, 2019

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

  • P2X7 receptor activation triggers pathways (NFATc1, PI3K/Akt, ROCK, VEGF) in osteoblasts, promoting tumor development and osteoblastic lesions.
  • P2X7 receptor promotes bone resorption and osteolytic lesions via osteoclast differentiation and secretion of RANKL, matrix metalloproteases, and cathepsins.
  • Conclusions:

    • The P2X7 receptor plays a critical role in the biology of bone cancers.
    • Targeting the P2X7 receptor may offer therapeutic strategies for bone malignancies.