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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Emotional reactions to cycle helmet use.

Aslak Fyhri¹, Ross O Phillips

¹Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway. af@toi.no

Accident; Analysis and Prevention

|September 15, 2012

Summary

Routine bicycle helmet users cycled slower and showed higher physiological stress after removing helmets, unlike non-users. This suggests helmet use may influence risk compensation behaviors in cyclists.

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Human Factors
Cycling Safety

Background:

Bicycle helmet safety benefits may be limited by risk compensation.
Previous helmet use is a factor that could influence responses to safety interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if prior bicycle helmet use affects behavioral and physiological responses to helmets as a safety intervention.
To test the risk compensation hypothesis in relation to bicycle helmet use.

Main Methods:

A field experiment was conducted to measure cycling pace and psychophysiological load.
Heart rate variability was utilized as a measure of psychophysiological load.

Main Results:

Routine helmet users cycled slower and exhibited increased psychophysiological load after helmet removal.

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Non-helmet users showed no significant changes in cycling behavior or psychophysiological load post-intervention.

Heart rate variability proved effective in assessing psychophysiological load in real-world cycling scenarios with low physical demand.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that risk compensation in response to bicycle helmet use may be influenced by prior helmet usage patterns.
Routine helmet use might lead to altered risk perception and behavior when helmets are removed.
Heart rate variability is a viable tool for psychophysiological load assessment in cycling research.