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Updated: May 18, 2026
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Microsurgical reconstruction of the smile--contemporary trends
Arash Momeni1, James Chang, Rohit K Khosla
1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. amomeni@stanford.edu
Abstract:
The treatment of facial palsy is a complex and challenging area of plastic surgery. Microsurgical innovation has introduced the modern age of dynamic reconstruction for facial palsy. This review will focus on microsurgical reconstruction for smile restoration in patients with long-standing facial palsy. The most common donor muscles and nerves will be presented. The advantages and disadvantages of single-stage versus multi-stage reconstruction will be discussed. Contemporary trends will be highlighted and the authors' preferred practice outlined.