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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Scleritis: presentations, disease associations and management.

Joanne Sims1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Auckland District Health Board, Private Bag 92189, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. JoSims@adhb.govt.nz

Postgraduate Medical Journal
|September 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Scleritis is a painful eye inflammation that can cause vision loss. Prompt treatment with immunosuppressants is crucial for managing this condition and reducing associated systemic risks.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Scleritis is a severe ocular inflammatory condition with potential for vision loss.
  • Approximately 50% of scleritis cases lack an identifiable cause, while 30-40% are linked to systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • Scleritis can be an early sign of systemic conditions like Wegener's granulomatosis and rheumatoid arthritis, necessitating comprehensive systemic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presentation, disease course, and management of scleritis.
  • To emphasize the importance of systemic evaluation in all scleritis patients.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatment modalities for scleritis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on scleritis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and disease progression patterns.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for various therapeutic approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Scleritis presents variably, with acute, relapsing-remitting, or chronic courses.
    • Treatment options range from local subconjunctival steroid injections for non-necrotizing cases to systemic anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies.
    • Biologic agents show promise in refractory scleritis cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Timely and appropriate treatment, particularly with immunosuppressant medications, is essential for reducing ocular and systemic morbidity in scleritis patients.
    • Systemic evaluation is critical for identifying underlying autoimmune conditions associated with scleritis.
    • Integrated management strategies are key to preserving vision and improving patient outcomes.