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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Evidence-based practice: pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Stacey L Ishman1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Sishman1@jhmi.edu

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) requires polysomnography, but alternative screening tools like oximetry are useful if positive. Adenotonsillectomy is the primary treatment for SDB and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Accurate diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is crucial.
  • Nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard but faces accessibility limitations.
  • Current screening methods have varying degrees of effectiveness and require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of alternative screening tools for pediatric SDB.
  • To assess the role of current first-line therapies and explore potential primary treatments for mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic methods for pediatric SDB, including PSG, nocturnal oximetry, and nap PSG.
  • Analysis of the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy as a primary treatment for pediatric SDB/OSA.
  • Discussion of the need for further research into limited therapies for mild OSA.

Main Results:

  • Nocturnal polysomnography is the most accurate diagnostic tool for SDB.
  • Nocturnal oximetry and nap polysomnography can be useful screening tools but require confirmatory testing if negative.
  • History and physical examination lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing pediatric SDB.
  • Adenotonsillectomy is the established first-line therapy for pediatric SDB and OSA.

Conclusions:

  • While PSG is definitive, accessible screening tools are necessary for pediatric SDB diagnosis.
  • Adenotonsillectomy is the primary treatment for pediatric SDB and OSA.
  • Further research is needed to establish the role of limited therapies for mild pediatric OSA, determining if they can serve as primary treatments or are best reserved for persistent cases.