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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

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Published on: April 14, 2014

Atypical forms of optic neuritis.

J de Seze1

  • 1Département de neurologie, hôpital Hautepierre, CHU de Strasbourg, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg cedex, France. jerome.de.seze@chru-strasbourg.fr

Revue Neurologique
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Inflammatory optic neuritis (ON) can mimic multiple sclerosis (MS). This review explores differential diagnoses for ON, including idiopathic, infectious, and systemic causes, when MS is not evident.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Inflammatory optic neuritis (ON) is common in neurology and ophthalmology.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent cause, but other conditions can present similarly.
  • When MRI and CSF analyses are normal, ON is often deemed idiopathic or viral.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the differential diagnoses of inflammatory optic neuritis (ON).
  • To discuss conditions that mimic MS in the context of ON.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations and diagnostic findings.
  • Discussion of various etiologies of ON.

Main Results:

  • ON can be caused by systemic diseases (sarcoidosis, lupus, Sjögren syndrome), infections, or vasculitis.

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  • Relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (RION) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are distinct entities.
  • Idiopathic ON may be suspected when MS markers are absent.

    • Conclusions:

    • A thorough differential diagnosis is crucial for managing ON.
    • Identifying non-MS causes of ON ensures appropriate treatment and prognosis.
    • Distinguishing ON subtypes like RION and NMO is essential for patient care.