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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
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A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells

Published on: August 29, 2020

Cellular reprogramming to reset epigenetic signatures.

Kyle J Hewitt1, Jonathan A Garlick

  • 1Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reprogramming cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) resets DNA methylation, potentially erasing disease-associated epigenetic marks. This opens avenues for regenerative medicine by normalizing diseased cells and understanding pathogenesis.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

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10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Epigenetic profiling, particularly DNA methylation, is crucial for confirming cell phenotypes during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC).
  • Cellular differentiation involves unique changes in DNA methylation patterns.
  • Reprogramming somatic cells to iPSCs resets lineage-specific DNA methylation marks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of iPSC reprogramming in reverting aberrant epigenetic alterations linked to disease.
  • To investigate if disease-associated DNA methylation marks can be erased during reprogramming.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of differentiated cells derived from reprogrammed, epigenetically modified cells.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled differentiation of iPSCs towards clinically relevant cell types.
  • Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling.
  • Cellular reprogramming to induce pluripotent stem cells.
  • Analysis of epigenetic memory in reprogrammed and differentiated cells.

Main Results:

  • Reprogramming to iPSCs effectively resets lineage-specific DNA methylation patterns.
  • This resetting process may erase disease-associated epigenetic modifications.
  • Differentiated progeny from reprogrammed cells show potential for therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • iPSC reprogramming offers a strategy to modify the epigenetic memory of diseased cells, potentially normalizing their phenotype.
  • This approach could lead to the development of novel regenerative medicine therapies.
  • Understanding the erasure of epigenetic marks during reprogramming enhances insights into disease pathogenesis.