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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

DRESS and Ischemic Stroke.

Rahmat Cahyanur¹, Dina Oktavia, Sukamto Koesno

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia. rahmat_cahyanur@yahoo.com

Acta Medica Indonesiana

|September 18, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a severe condition. This case report details a rare instance of DRESS coinciding with ischemic stroke in a 38-year-old woman.

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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

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Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

Clinical Medicine
Dermatology
Neurology

Background:

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a severe, potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction.
Characterized by rash, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement.
Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

A 38-year-old woman presented with fever and generalized rash.
She had recently taken antibiotics and multivitamins.
Physical examination revealed cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly.

Findings:

Laboratory results showed leucocytosis, marked eosinophilia, and elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST).
During hospitalization, the patient experienced an ischemic stroke.
The patient received corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics with graded challenge dosing.

Implications:

This case highlights the rare but critical association between DRESS and ischemic stroke.
It underscores the importance of considering neurological complications in DRESS patients.
Further research may elucidate shared pathophysiological mechanisms or risk factors.