Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

20.3K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively...
20.3K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.8K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.3K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.3K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.4K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
47.4K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

12.0K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
12.0K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

985
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
985

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Catalytic surface degradation of (CF<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>2</sub>O to CF<sub>3</sub>H at a Si-teflate doped aluminium chlorofluoride Lewis superacid.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Revisiting synthesis of pure chernobylite solid solutions for thermal stability investigations.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

XAFS and DFT Insights into the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Technetium Reduction by Nanoparticulate Magnetite.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Mechanochemical Upcycling of Polyvinylidene Fluoride: Lewis Acid Induced Generation of Sodium Aluminium Fluorides.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same author

A Pore or not a Pore? Understanding Pore Size Distributions of Non-Graphitic Carbon and Atomically-Dispersed M-N-C Materials.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Temperature-Dependent Swelling of Brodie Graphite Oxide in Liquid Primary Amides.

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

22.5K

Structure and stability range of a hexanuclear Th(IV)-glycine complex.

Christoph Hennig1, Shinobu Takao, Koichiro Takao

  • 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. hennig@esrf.fr

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a hexanuclear thorium(IV)-glycine complex in aqueous solution using Th L(3)-edge EXAFS. This complex forms via competing hydrolysis and glycine ligation reactions, revealing new insights into thorium speciation.

More Related Videos

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

11.1K
Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

22.5K
The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

11.1K
Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Solution Chemistry
  • Thorium Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Thorium(IV) ions in aqueous solutions are prone to hydrolysis, forming complex polynuclear species.
  • Glycine, an amino acid, can act as a ligand, influencing thorium speciation.
  • Understanding thorium speciation is crucial for nuclear waste management and remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the structure and stability of thorium(IV)-glycine complexes in aqueous solution.
  • To investigate the competition between thorium hydrolysis and glycine ligation.
  • To elucidate the formation pathways of different thorium-glycine species.

Main Methods:

  • Thorium L(3)-edge Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was employed to determine the local coordination environment of thorium.
  • Crystallization and single-crystal X-ray diffraction were used to confirm the structures of isolated thorium complexes.
  • Solution pH was carefully controlled to study speciation under different conditions.

Main Results:

  • A hexanuclear thorium(IV)-glycine complex, [Th(6)(μ(3)-O)(4)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(H(2)O)(6)(Gly)(6)(HGly)(6)](6+), was identified in solution and its crystal structure determined.
  • This hexanuclear species forms within a specific pH range, resulting from a balance between thorium hydrolysis and glycine ligation.
  • At lower pH, a different thorium complex, [Th(H(2)O)(3)(HGly)(3)](4+), was isolated, featuring thorium coordinated to three water molecules, indicating its formation precedes significant hydrolysis.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the existence and structure of a novel hexanuclear thorium(IV)-glycine complex.
  • The findings highlight the intricate interplay between hydrolysis and ligand complexation in determining thorium speciation.
  • The results provide fundamental insights into the early stages of thorium(IV) hydrolysis and coordination chemistry.