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Related Concept Videos

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that include the...

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Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
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Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Published on: April 12, 2018

Single-molecule electrochemical gating in ionic liquids.

Nicola J Kay1, Simon J Higgins, Jan O Jeppesen

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied molecular conductance using a redox-active pyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene (pTTF) bridge in an ionic liquid. They observed unique "off-on-off-on-off" conductance switching, revealing insights into charge transfer processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular electronics
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Single-molecule electronics offer precise control over charge transport.
  • Redox-active molecules can modulate conductance through their electronic states.
  • Ionic liquids provide unique environments for studying molecular properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the single-molecular conductance of a redox-active molecular bridge in an ionic liquid.
  • To explore the electrochemical gating of redox states in a molecular transistor.
  • To characterize the charge transfer dynamics and reorganization energies.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical single-molecule transistor configuration using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) break junction.
  • Utilizing a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) as the medium.
  • In situ electrochemical potential sweeping to control redox states.

Main Results:

  • Observed "off-on-off-on-off" conductance switching behavior correlated with pTTF redox transitions.
  • Successfully studied both monocationic and dicationic states in the RTIL.
  • Modeled conductance as a sequential two-step charge transfer process.
  • Estimated reorganization energies of ~1.2 eV in RTIL, significantly higher than in aqueous solutions (~0.4 eV).

Conclusions:

  • The RTIL environment facilitates detailed studies of redox-active molecules, including previously inaccessible states.
  • Outer-sphere reorganization energy plays a crucial role in charge transfer across molecular junctions in ionic liquids.
  • The observed switching behavior provides a model for molecular electronic switches.