Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 18, 2026
Lateral Molar Approach-Driven Transoral Endoscopic Procedure for Benign Infratemporal Fossa Tumor Resection
Published on: August 15, 2025
A review of 13 years of experience with endoscopic forehead-lift
Nikolaos A Papadopulos1, Maximilian Eder, Christian Weigand
1Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany. n.papadopulos@lrz.tum.de
Objective:
To conduct objective quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the long-term result in endoscopic forehead-lift.
Methods:
Medical charts of 143 patients who underwent endoscopic forehead-lift between 1994 and 2007 were reviewed for postoperative complications and the duration of complaints. Patients received a questionnaire to evaluate satisfaction and social restriction after surgery. Objective photographic preoperative and postoperative eyebrow-to-eye distances in a relaxed position and during muscle contractions were obtained.
Results:
A total of 98 patients (69% response; mean follow-up, 38 months) showed high satisfaction (score, 7.1 of 10). In a relaxed position, mean midpupil-to-eyebrow elevation was 5.6 mm after surgery, with significant eyebrow symmetry between the left and right eyes (P < .05), and showed significant influence of time (P = .005) on persisting eyebrow elevation, with a decrease of almost 1 mm per year. Measurements during muscle contraction showed no relevant differences.
Conclusion:
Endoscopic forehead-lift enables long-lasting results with highly satisfied patients.
