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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Celiac disease arthropathy and autoimmunity study.

Tariq Iqbal1, Mukarram A Zaidi, George A Wells

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The Ottawa Hospital, Sudbury, Canada. iqbal.tariq@gmail.com

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|September 20, 2012
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Summary

This study found no increased rate of sero-negative spondyloarthritis (SpA) in celiac disease (CD) patients. However, CD patients showed higher incidences of autoimmune thyroiditis, SLE, IDDM, and psoriasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder.
  • Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the spine and joints.
  • The co-occurrence and management of SpA in CD patients require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of sero-negative spondyloarthritis (SpA) in patients with celiac disease (CD).
  • To assess the impact of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on arthritis symptoms in CD patients.
  • To evaluate the association of other autoimmune conditions with CD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted.
  • Both CD and non-CD cohorts were evaluated for the presence of SpA.
  • Diagnosis confirmation for CD involved small bowel biopsy, blood tests, or stool tests.

Main Results:

  • Of 356 CD patients, 6 were diagnosed with seronegative SpA (sacroiliitis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis).
  • Arthritis symptoms improved in only 30% of CD patients on a GFD, unlike diarrhea (94%) and anemia (81%).
  • CD patients exhibited higher rates of autoimmune thyroiditis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriasis compared to non-CD controls.

Conclusions:

  • The study did not reveal a high prevalence of SpA in celiac disease patients.
  • Increased rates of other autoimmune conditions, including autoimmune thyroiditis, SLE, IDDM, and psoriasis, were observed in CD patients.
  • Gluten-free diet compliance showed limited improvement in arthritis manifestations in CD patients.