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Related Concept Videos

Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal cells...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease
08:11

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease

Published on: December 28, 2012

The nuclear envelope proteome differs notably between tissues.

Nadia Korfali1, Gavin S Wilkie, Selene K Swanson

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
|September 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear envelope proteins differ across tissues, suggesting tissue-specific interactions cause distinct diseases. This highlights the need to study organelle proteomes in multiple tissues for a comprehensive understanding of cellular function and disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease
08:11

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease

Published on: December 28, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Proteomics
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Mutations in nuclear envelope proteins can cause diseases affecting specific tissues.
  • A leading hypothesis suggests unidentified tissue-specific partners mediate these pathologies.
  • Previous studies characterized the nuclear envelope proteome in leukocytes and muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the nuclear envelope proteome in liver tissue.
  • To compare the liver nuclear envelope proteome with those of leukocytes and muscle.
  • To investigate the tissue-specific nature of nuclear envelope proteins and their complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Application of established proteomic methodology to liver tissue.
  • RT-PCR, western blot, and tissue cryosection staining for protein validation.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data and interactome data.

Main Results:

  • Identification and confirmation of at least 74 novel transmembrane proteins at the nuclear envelope.
  • Demonstration of clear tissue-specific differences in nuclear envelope protein composition between liver, muscle, and leukocytes.
  • Observation that protein complexes often share the same tissue-specificity as individual proteins, and identification of known signaling/gene regulation proteins.

Conclusions:

  • The high degree of tissue specificity in the nuclear envelope proteome likely contributes to distinct disease pathologies.
  • These findings support the hypothesis of tissue-specific partners mediating disease.
  • Organelle proteomes should be re-examined across multiple tissues to fully understand cellular function and disease mechanisms.