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Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method
06:21

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Published on: February 19, 2021

Federal nutrition program changes and healthy food availability.

Erin K Havens1, Katie S Martin, Jun Yan

  • 1Center for Public Health and Health Policy, University of Connecticut, East Hartford, CT, USA.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|September 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The 2009 WIC food package revisions increased healthy food availability in WIC-certified stores. This policy change improved access to nutritious options in urban corner stores for many residents.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health Policy
  • Food Environment Research

Background:

  • Limited research exists on how food environment policies impact healthy food availability.
  • The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) revised its food package in 2009.
  • The revision mandated that WIC-certified stores stock fresh produce, whole grains, and lower-fat milk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the availability of healthy foods in WIC-certified stores versus non-certified stores.
  • To assess changes in food availability before and after the 2009 WIC food package policy change.

Main Methods:

  • Collected store inventory data from 45 corner stores in Hartford, CT, between January 2009 and January 2010.
  • Recorded availability and variety of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, whole grains, and lower-fat milk.
  • Utilized statistical analyses including Fisher's exact test, chi-square, t-tests, and multilevel models to analyze longitudinal data.

Main Results:

  • WIC-certified vendors demonstrated significantly greater availability of fresh fruit varieties (p<0.01) and lower-fat milk (p<0.01) post-policy change.
  • Availability of whole grain bread (p<0.01) and brown rice (p<0.05) was also significantly higher in WIC-certified stores.
  • Stores without WIC authorization did not show significant increases in healthy food availability for any measured outcome.

Conclusions:

  • The 2009 WIC food package revisions successfully increased the availability of healthy foods in WIC-certified vendors in Hartford, CT.
  • These policy changes enhance the role of local stores as accessible sources of nutritious food for residents, particularly those without personal transportation.
  • The findings highlight the impact of targeted nutrition programs on improving food environments in urban settings.