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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Published on: November 17, 2014

The ischemic penumbra: how does tissue injury evolve?

Wolf-Dieter Heiss¹

¹Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany. wdh@nf.mpg.de

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|September 22, 2012

Summary

The ischemic penumbra offers functional recovery potential if blood flow is restored. Without adequate reperfusion, this tissue succumbs to irreversible damage, expanding the infarct over time.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cerebrovascular Biology
Pathophysiology

Background:

The ischemic penumbra is a brain region with potential for recovery after stroke.
Reperfusion is critical to prevent irreversible damage in the penumbra.
Ischemia severity and duration dictate the extent of tissue injury.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the temporal evolution of ischemic brain injury.
To elucidate the mechanisms of damage progression in the penumbra.
To explore the potential of multimodal imaging for phase-specific stroke treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of ischemic pathophysiology.
Analysis of cellular and molecular events during ischemia.
Discussion of imaging modalities for tissue compartment differentiation.

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Photothrombotic Ischemia: A Minimally Invasive and Reproducible Photochemical Cortical Lesion Model for Mouse Stroke Studies

Photothrombotic Ischemia: A Minimally Invasive and Reproducible Photochemical Cortical Lesion Model for Mouse Stroke Studies

Published on: June 9, 2013

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

Published on: March 1, 2019

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Published on: November 17, 2014

Photothrombotic Ischemia: A Minimally Invasive and Reproducible Photochemical Cortical Lesion Model for Mouse Stroke Studies

Photothrombotic Ischemia: A Minimally Invasive and Reproducible Photochemical Cortical Lesion Model for Mouse Stroke Studies

Published on: June 9, 2013

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

Published on: March 1, 2019

Main Results:

Acute ischemia (
Subacute phase (hours) shows penumbra expansion due to spreading depolarizations, hypoxia, and lactate increase.
Delayed phase involves vasogenic edema and secondary inflammation, expanding damage.

Conclusions:

Ischemic brain damage progresses through distinct acute, subacute, and delayed phases.
Understanding these phases is crucial for effective therapeutic intervention.
Multimodal imaging may enable phase-specific treatment strategies for stroke recovery.