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Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Traumatic thyroid hematoma associated with thyroid carcinoma.

Carlos M Rivera-Serrano1, Brian J Park, Robert L Ferris

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. cmriveraserrano@gmail.com

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|September 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hematoma from blunt trauma is rare. A case revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma, suggesting neoplasms should be considered if the hematoma doesn

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Thyroid hematoma from blunt neck trauma is an uncommon clinical presentation.
  • No established management consensus exists for blunt trauma-induced thyroid hematoma.

Observation:

  • A 46-year-old male developed neck swelling post-blunt neck trauma during soccer.
  • Imaging confirmed a large thyroid hematoma; conservative management was initially chosen.
  • The patient later underwent thyroid lobectomy for persistent compressive symptoms.

Findings:

  • Pathology revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma, a previously unreported association with traumatic thyroid hematoma.
  • The underlying carcinoma may have predisposed the patient to hemorrhage.
  • Thyroid hematoma resolution with conservative treatment is a key diagnostic consideration.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of suspecting underlying neoplasia in unresolved thyroid hematomas.
  • Management strategies for traumatic thyroid hematoma are individualized.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for favorable patient outcomes.