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Updated: May 18, 2026
Murine Fetal Echocardiography
Published on: February 15, 2013
Fetal cardiac output and ejection fraction by spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC): comparison between male and
Christiane Simioni1, Edward Araujo Júnior, Wellington P Martins
1Departamento de Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Objective:
To compare the cardiac output (CO) and ejection fraction (EF) of the heart of male and female fetuses obtained by 3D-ultrasonography using spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC).
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study with 216 normal fetuses, between 20 and 34 weeks of gestation, 108 male and 108 female. Ventricular volumes at the end of systole and diastole were obtained by STIC, and the volumetric assessments performed by the virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) rotated 30º. To calculate the DC used the formula: DC = stroke volume / fetal heart rate, while for the FE used the formula: EF = stroke volume / end-diastolic volume. The DC (combined male and female) and EF (male and female) were compared using the unpaired t test and ANCOVA. Scatter plots were created with the percentiles 5, 50 and 95.
Results:
The average of DC combined, DC left, DC right, FE right and FE left, male and female were 240.07 mL/min, 122.67 mL/min, 123.40 mL/min, 72.84%, 67.22%, 270.56 mL/ min, 139.22 mL/min, 131.34 mL/min, 70.73% and 64.76% respectively, without statistical difference (P> 0.05).
Conclusions:
The fetal CO and EF obtained by 3Dultrasonography (STIC) showed no significant difference in relation to gender.
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