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Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

Common Respiratory Disorders

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

Published on: May 9, 2018

Work-related lung diseases.

Ainsley Weston¹

¹National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. agw8@cdc.gov

IARC Scientific Publications

|September 25, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Work-related respiratory diseases, including interstitial and airway diseases, are a major cause of occupational mortality. Genetic factors, like the HLA-DPB1(E69) allele, influence susceptibility, yet many of these conditions remain preventable.

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Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

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Published on: May 9, 2018

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Area of Science:

Occupational Medicine
Pulmonary Medicine
Immunogenetics

Background:

Work-related respiratory diseases cause significant mortality across industries.
These diseases include interstitial lung diseases (e.g., pneumoconioses) and airway diseases (e.g., occupational asthma, COPD).
Exposure to dusts, metals, allergens, and toxins triggers oxidative damage and immune responses, leading to complex imbalances that cause disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathogenesis of occupational lung diseases.
To highlight the role of genetic susceptibility in disease development.
To emphasize the preventability of these conditions and current trends.

Main Methods:

Literature review of occupational respiratory diseases.
Discussion of pathogenetic mechanisms including oxidative stress and immune gene activation.
Examination of genetic association studies, particularly focusing on HLA-DPB1(E69) and chronic beryllium disease.

Main Results:

Common factors include exposure to environmental agents causing oxidative damage and immune system activation.
Genetic susceptibility plays a role, with HLA-DPB1(E69) strongly associated with chronic beryllium disease risk.
Despite preventability, diseases like coal workers' pneumoconiosis are increasing.

Conclusions:

Occupational lung diseases result from complex interactions between exposures and host factors, including genetics.
The HLA-DPB1(E69) allele confers a significantly increased risk for chronic beryllium disease.
Preventive strategies are crucial, especially given the rising incidence of certain occupational lung diseases.