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Related Concept Videos

Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...

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Related Experiment Video

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Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures
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Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures

Published on: August 1, 2011

Universal critical dynamics in high resolution neuronal avalanche data.

Nir Friedman1, Shinya Ito, Braden A W Brinkman

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cultured cortical networks exhibit critical dynamics, supporting the hypothesis that neuronal networks operate optimally near a nonequilibrium critical point. This finding provides crucial experimental evidence for critical phenomena in neural computation.

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Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures
16:01

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Published on: August 1, 2011

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording
13:40

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Published on: September 8, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Neuronal networks perform diverse computations.
  • Optimal neuronal function is hypothesized to occur near a nonequilibrium critical point.
  • Experimental evidence for critical dynamics in neuronal networks has been limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide experimental evidence for critical dynamics in cultured cortical networks.
  • To analyze neuronal network data using the framework of nonequilibrium phase transitions.
  • To confirm predictions of critical phenomena in neural systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of individual neuron-level data from cultured cortical networks.
  • Application of nonequilibrium phase transition theory.
  • Examination of avalanche dynamics, including size, duration, and temporal profiles.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that cultured cortical network dynamics are critical.
  • Confirmed that mean temporal profiles of avalanches follow a universal scaling function.
  • Observed power law distributions for avalanche sizes and durations, samples across subcritical and supercritical phases, and scaling laws between anomalous exponents.

Conclusions:

  • Cultured cortical networks operate at a critical point.
  • The findings support the hypothesis of critical dynamics for optimal neuronal computation.
  • This study provides robust experimental evidence for critical phenomena in neural systems.