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Updated: May 18, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Classical simulation of entanglement swapping with bounded communication.

Cyril Branciard¹, Nicolas Brunner, Harry Buhrman

¹School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.

Physical Review Letters

|September 26, 2012

Summary

Entanglement swapping, a quantum phenomenon, can be simulated classically using just 9 bits of communication. This finding establishes an upper bound on the nonlocality observed in entanglement swapping protocols.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Quantum Information Theory
Quantum Foundations

Background:

Entanglement is a key quantum phenomenon with two primary forms: state entanglement and measurement entanglement.
Entanglement swapping enables nonlocality between previously uninteracting particles.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the classical simulation of entanglement swapping.
To determine the communication complexity of entanglement swapping in a bilocal scenario.

Main Methods:

Classical simulation of the entanglement swapping protocol.
Analysis of communication requirements under bilocal constraints.

Main Results:

Entanglement swapping can be classically simulated with bounded communication.
The simulation requires a total of only 9 bits.

Conclusions:

Entanglement swapping's nonlocality can be bounded classically.
This research provides a classical upper bound on nonlocality in entanglement swapping.