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Catalytic Activation of Bell Nonlocality.

Jessica Bavaresco^1,2, Nicolas Brunner¹, Antoine Girardin¹

¹University of Geneva, Department of Applied Physics, Geneva, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters

|December 12, 2025

Summary

Certain quantum states, termed Bell local, cannot violate Bell inequalities. This study demonstrates a catalytic process that activates Bell nonlocality in these states using only local operations, even with a Bell-local catalyst.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Quantum Foundations

Background:

Certain entangled quantum states exhibit correlations that can be simulated classically, classifying them as Bell local.
Bell-local states cannot violate Bell inequalities, a key indicator of quantum nonlocality.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the activation of Bell nonlocality in Bell-local states through a catalytic process.
To show that this activation can occur deterministically using only local operations.

Main Methods:

A protocol involving a Bell-local state and a catalyst is presented.
The protocol transforms the Bell-local state into a Bell-nonlocal state while preserving the catalyst.
The technical approach leverages the connection between catalytic and many-copy activation of nonlocality.

Main Results:

Bell nonlocality can be activated in Bell-local states via a catalytic quantum process.
The transformation is deterministic and relies solely on local operations.
Superactivation of Bell nonlocality is achieved even when the catalyst itself is Bell local.

Conclusions:

Catalytic quantum processes can generate Bell nonlocality from classically simulable states.
This work introduces a novel form of quantum catalysis and superactivation of Bell nonlocality.
The findings have implications for understanding the fundamental nature of quantum correlations and nonlocality.