Semiconductor quantized voltage source

We realize and investigate an all-semiconductor quantized voltage source which generates quantized output voltages V(out) = f(h/e) linked only to two fundamental constants, the electron's charge e and Planck's constant h, and to an applied excitation frequency f. The device is based on an integrated quantized circuit of a single-electron pump operated at pumping frequency f and a quantum Hall device monolithically integrated in series. Robust output voltages up to several μV are generated, which are expected to be scalable by orders of magnitude using present technology. The device might open a new route towards the closure of the quantum metrology triangle.