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Updated: May 18, 2026

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Evidence for Dirac fermions in a honeycomb lattice based on silicon
Lan Chen1, Cheng-Cheng Liu, Baojie Feng
1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
Silicene, a sheet of silicon atoms in a honeycomb lattice, was proposed to be a new Dirac-type electron system similar to graphene. We performed scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies on the atomic and electronic properties of silicene on Ag(111). An unexpected √3 × √3 reconstruction was found, which is explained by an extra-buckling model. Pronounced quasiparticle interferences (QPI) patterns, originating from both the intervalley and intravalley scatter, were observed. From the QPI patterns we derived a linear energy-momentum dispersion and a large Fermi velocity, which prove the existence of Dirac fermions in silicene.
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