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Published on: July 1, 2014
Lifetime traumatic experiences and their impact on PTSD: a general population study
Karoline Lukaschek1, Johannes Kruse, Rebecca Thwing Emeny
1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Gießen, Friedrichstr. 33, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
A minority of trauma-exposed individuals develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma characteristics and individual factors influence PTSD onset, highlighting a complex relationship between exposure and disorder development.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Epidemiology
- Trauma Studies
Background:
- Exposure to traumatic events is common in the population.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health consequence of trauma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between exposure to traumatic events and the subsequent development of PTSD.
- To identify risk factors associated with the onset of full and partial PTSD.
Main Methods:
- Assessed PTSD using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS).
- Utilized interview data and logistic regression analyses.
- Standardized prevalence rates to the German population's sex and age distribution.
Main Results:
- 41% of subjects reported trauma exposure; 1.7% developed full PTSD, and 8.8% developed partial PTSD.
- Risk factors for full PTSD included accidents, assault, combat, life-threatening illness, and interpersonal conflicts.
- Risk factors for partial PTSD included accidents, assault, life-threatening illness, death of relatives, and interpersonal conflicts.
Conclusions:
- Only a minority of individuals exposed to trauma develop PTSD.
- The onset of PTSD is related to specific characteristics of the traumatic exposure and individual factors.
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