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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging
07:41

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

Published on: July 19, 2016

Polymer-composite materials for radiation protection.

Shruti Nambiar1, John T W Yeow

  • 1Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymer composites offer a lightweight, cost-effective solution for radiation shielding. This review explores advanced polymer composites with micro/nanomaterials for effective protection against harmful radiation exposures.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging
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Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
06:34

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Published on: September 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Radiation Physics
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • High-energy and ionizing radiation pose significant health risks, including cancer and organ damage.
  • Traditional heavy metal radiation shielding is heavy, cumbersome, and can generate secondary radiation.
  • There is a critical need for advanced, lightweight, and flexible radiation shielding materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current advancements in polymer composites for radiation shielding applications.
  • To highlight the potential of micro/nanomaterial-reinforced polymers as effective radiation attenuators.
  • To discuss the advantages of polymer composites over conventional shielding methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on polymer composites for radiation shielding.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on micro/nanomaterial reinforcement in polymers.
  • Evaluation of shielding effectiveness against various types of radiation (photons and particles).

Main Results:

  • Polymer composites demonstrate significant potential for attenuating photon and particle radiation.
  • Micro/nanomaterial reinforcement enhances the shielding properties of polymers.
  • These composites offer a lightweight, flexible, and potentially cost-effective alternative to heavy metals.

Conclusions:

  • Polymer composites reinforced with micro/nanomaterials represent a promising frontier in radiation shielding technology.
  • Further research and development can lead to optimized materials for diverse applications in aerospace, healthcare, and nuclear industries.
  • These advanced materials can significantly improve safety and reduce the burden associated with radiation protection.