Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A cross-study analysis of the effect of a dual-strain probiotic applied via the waterline on the growth performance and gut health of broilers under a mild necrotic enteritis challenge.

Poultry science·2024
Same author

A dual strain probiotic administered via the waterline beneficially modulates the ileal and cecal microbiome, sIgA and acute phase protein levels, and growth performance of broilers during a dysbacteriosis challenge.

Poultry science·2024
Same author

Research Note: Water applied direct-fed microbial reduced mortality in heat stressed broilers.

Poultry science·2024
Same author

Elucidating the Varying Impact of Necrotic Enteritis Using Performance and Health Indicators in Broiler Infection Models.

Avian diseases·2024
Same author

Early motor development in infants with moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine·2021
Same author

Characterizing Intervention Opportunities among Home-Delivered Meals Program Participants: Results from the 2017 National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants and a New York City Survey.

The Journal of frailty & aging·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

A Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxia
10:36

A Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxia

Published on: October 11, 2011

Newborn ventilatory response to maternal chronic hypercapnia.

L DeLuca1, I Holzman, K Gibbs

  • 1Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. Loren.deluca@mssm.edu

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|September 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a neonate with respiratory acidosis and compensatory metabolic alkalosis. It illustrates placental gas exchange and the infant's reduced breathing response to chronic high carbon dioxide levels.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

A Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxia
10:36

A Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxia

Published on: October 11, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Respiratory and acid-base balance

Background:

  • Neonatal respiratory acidosis can be associated with compensatory metabolic alkalosis.
  • Understanding placental gas exchange is crucial for managing acid-base disturbances in newborns.

Observation:

  • A neonate presented with respiratory acidosis and a compensatory metabolic alkalosis.
  • The case involved examination of placental function in gas exchange.
  • A blunted ventilatory response in the neonate was observed.

Findings:

  • The neonate exhibited respiratory acidosis with a compensatory metabolic alkalosis.
  • Placental physiology's role in gas exchange was demonstrated.
  • Chronic hypercapnia led to a blunted ventilatory response in the neonate.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of assessing both placental function and neonatal respiratory drive.
  • Clinical management of neonatal acid-base disorders requires consideration of chronic hypercapnia.
  • Further research into blunted ventilatory responses in neonates is warranted.