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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Characterizing the Coherence of Broadband Sources using Optical Phase Space Contours.

A Wax, S Bali, G A Alphonse

    Journal of Biomedical Optics
    |September 28, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new method uses optical phase-space contours to measure the spatial coherence of broadband light, crucial for optical coherence tomography (OCT). This technique characterizes light sources like superluminescent diodes (SLDs) for improved OCT imaging.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 18, 2026

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
    10:39

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    Published on: October 11, 2016

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

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    Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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    Published on: April 4, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Biomedical Imaging
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) necessitate broadband light with precise spatial coherence.
    • Characterizing the coherence properties of light sources is essential for optimizing OCT system performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel technique for characterizing the coherence properties of broadband light.
    • To enable quantitative assessment of longitudinal and transverse coherence and wavefront curvature.
    • To compare the performance of a new high-power extended-bandwidth superluminescent diode (SLD) with existing SLDs.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing optical phase-space contours in transverse momentum and position to analyze light coherence.
    • Employing a simple heterodyne imaging scheme for direct measurement of phase space distributions.
    • Achieving high dynamic range (130 dB) and high sensitivity (0.1 fW) in measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated direct measurement of optical phase-space contours.
    • Phase space distributions provide quantitative data on light beam coherence and wavefront curvature.
    • Characterized a novel high-power extended-bandwidth SLD, comparing its performance to commercial SLDs.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented technique offers a robust method for characterizing broadband light coherence.
    • This method is vital for the development and optimization of advanced OCT systems.
    • The novel SLD shows potential for applications requiring high-power, extended-bandwidth coherent light sources.