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Radiocontrast medium-induced declines in renal function: a role for oxygen free radicals
G L Bakris1, N Lass, A O Gaber
1Department of Physiology, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
The American Journal of Physiology
|January 11, 1990
Summary
Radiocontrast media (RCM) increase oxygen free radicals (OFR), harming kidney function. Treatments like allopurinol and superoxide dismutase (SOD) protect the kidneys by reducing OFR production and enhancing OFR removal.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Physiology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Radiocontrast medium (RCM) injection causes kidney vasoconstriction and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
- Adenosine is implicated in RCM-induced vasoconstriction and may increase oxygen free radical (OFR) generation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the hypothesis that RCM administration leads to increased OFR generation, contributing to the persistent decline in GFR.
- To evaluate the protective effects of allopurinol and superoxide dismutase (SOD) against RCM-induced renal injury.
Main Methods:
- Anesthetized dogs received RCM injection, with interventions including intravenous allopurinol, intrarenal SOD, heat-inactivated SOD, or intrarenal SOD with saline control.
- Measurements included renal blood flow, inulin clearance, and concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and malondialdehyde.
Main Results:
- Both allopurinol and SOD significantly attenuated the fall in GFR following RCM administration compared to controls.
- Malondialdehyde concentrations, an indicator of OFR generation, were reduced in all treated groups.
Conclusions:
- Intrarenal RCM injection stimulates increased production of oxygen free radicals (OFR).
- Inhibition of OFR production (allopurinol) and enhanced OFR scavenging (SOD) mitigate the adverse effects of RCM on GFR.