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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Joints01:26

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

The basic science of human knee menisci: structure, composition, and function.

Alice J S Fox1, Asheesh Bedi, Scott A Rodeo

  • 1Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.

Sports Health
|September 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review consolidates information on knee menisci structure and function. Understanding meniscal anatomy and biomechanics is crucial for diagnosing and treating knee disorders.

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An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Anatomy
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Knee meniscus information is fragmented across disciplines.
  • This review synthesizes data on meniscal anatomy, composition, and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of knee menisci.
  • To consolidate scattered information for easier access.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed and OVID databases.
  • Review of articles published from 1858 to 2011.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of meniscal anatomy, ultrastructure, and biochemistry.
  • Explanation of vascular and neuroanatomy, biomechanical function, maturation, aging, and imaging.
  • Highlights structural, compositional, and functional characteristics relevant to clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Normal knee meniscus anatomy and biomechanics are fundamental to understanding knee disorder pathogenesis.
  • Essential knowledge for clinical presentations, diagnosis, and surgical repair of knee injuries.