Related Concept Videos
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
01:31Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
01:31Internal Receptors
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
01:08Intracellular Hormone Receptors
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
01:27Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
01:07Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind intracellular receptors that reside within the cell cytoplasm or nucleus. Many mammalian steroid hormones and nitric oxide (NO) gas use this cell signaling mechanism.
Similar to membrane-bound receptors, the binding of a ligand to the intracellular receptor of causes a conformational change in the...
Similar to membrane-bound receptors, the binding of a ligand to the intracellular receptor of causes a conformational change in the...
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 18, 2026
09:07
Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay
Published on: December 19, 2018
An artificial estrogen receptor through combinatorial imprinting.
Eric Schillinger1, Monika Möder, Gustaf D Olsson
1INFU, Technical University of Dortmund, Germany.
Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 29, 2012
Summary
New polymeric sorbents effectively remove endocrine-disrupting estrogen active compounds (EACs) from water. These molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) show high affinity and capacity for EACs, outperforming traditional methods.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Polymer Science
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) pose environmental and health risks.
- Estrogen active compounds (EACs) are a significant class of EDCs.
- Effective removal of EACs from water is crucial for environmental protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop novel polymeric sorbents for selective removal of EACs.
- To optimize terpolymer imprinting for enhanced affinity and capacity.
- To evaluate the performance of these sorbents in a water purification system.
Main Methods:
- Terpolymer imprinting using 17β-estradiol (E2) as a template.
- Preparation of a library of functional monomer combinations.
- Binding tests, NMR titrations, and molecular dynamics simulations.
- Evaluation in a model water-purification system.
Main Results:
- Imprinted polymers demonstrated significantly higher affinity for E2 than nonimprinted polymers.
- A terpolymer of methacrylic acid and p-vinylbenzoic acid showed a high imprinting factor (17).
- Optimized polymers exhibited 4-5 times higher saturation capacities than previously reported MIPs.
- Complete removal of ppb levels of EACs from water was achieved in a model system.
Conclusions:
- Terpolymer imprinting with specific functional monomers creates highly selective and efficient sorbents for EACs.
- The developed MIPs offer superior performance compared to conventional sorbents like activated carbon.
- These novel sorbents show great potential for practical water purification applications.