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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass filters, manage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

A digital optical phase-locked loop for diode lasers based on field programmable gate array.

Zhouxiang Xu1, Xian Zhang, Kaikai Huang

  • 1Physics Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a fully digital optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) for diode lasers, enhancing atom interferometry. This digital OPLL achieves a narrow beat note linewidth below 1 Hz and rapid 100 μs transition times.

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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics
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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Published on: April 24, 2014

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
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Published on: April 1, 2020

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics
09:10

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Published on: April 24, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Atomic Physics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Laser Technology

Background:

  • Atom interferometry relies on precise control of laser phase and frequency.
  • Traditional optical phase-locked loops (OPLLs) often involve analog components, limiting performance and integration.
  • Diode lasers are crucial light sources in modern atom interferometry experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a highly digital optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) for diode lasers.
  • To improve the performance and integration of control circuitry in OPLLs for atom interferometry.
  • To demonstrate a completely digital control system for diode laser stabilization.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented phase and frequency detector (PFD), loop filter, and proportional integral derivative (PID) controller on a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip.
  • Utilized a PFD structure compatible with MAX9382/MCH12140 models.
  • Employed pipeline and parallelism technology in the PID controller and integrated high-speed clock and twisted ring counter in the loop filter.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a narrow beat note linewidth below 1 Hz.
  • Demonstrated a residual mean-square phase error of 0.14 rad(2).
  • Exhibited a transition time of 100 μs for a 10 MHz frequency step.

Conclusions:

  • The developed highly digital OPLL offers superior performance for diode laser stabilization in atom interferometry.
  • Complete digitalization of the control circuitry simplifies implementation and enhances stability.
  • This digital OPLL design represents a significant advancement for precision atomic measurements.