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[Magnesium disorders].

Anne Blanchard1, Rosa Vargas-Poussou

  • 1Faculté de médecine, université Paris Descartes, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. anne.blanchard@egp.aphp.fr

Nephrologie & Therapeutique
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypomagnesaemia, low plasma magnesium, is common in hospitalized patients. Differentiating renal versus extra-renal causes involves measuring urinary magnesium excretion to guide diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Nephrology and Endocrinology
  • Genetics and Rare Diseases

Context:

  • Extracellular magnesium is a poor indicator of total body magnesium; plasma magnesium levels are critical for diagnosis.
  • Hypomagnesaemia affects 10-15% of hospitalized patients, necessitating accurate diagnostic approaches.
  • Hypermagnesaemia is less common (5% of hospitalized patients) but poses significant risks above 7 mmol/L.

Purpose:

  • To differentiate the physiopathology of hypomagnesaemia by measuring plasma and urinary magnesium concentrations.
  • To identify the causes of magnesium loss, distinguishing between renal and extra-renal origins.
  • To understand the genetic basis of rare monogenic disorders causing congenital magnesium wasting.

Summary:

  • Low urinary magnesium excretion (<1 mmol/L) suggests extra-renal causes like low intake or absorption, or bone derivation.
  • High urinary magnesium excretion (>2 mmol/L) indicates renal magnesium wasting, either primary or acquired.
  • Advances in genetics have elucidated proteins involved in magnesium absorption, reabsorption, and regulation.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of magnesium homeostasis and its regulation at the intestinal and renal levels.
  • Enhanced diagnostic strategies for hypomagnesaemia, enabling targeted interventions.
  • Potential for developing novel therapeutic approaches for magnesium-related disorders based on genetic insights.