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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
Prokaryotic cells01:51

Prokaryotic cells

Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains—Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins.
Prokaryotic Cells01:28

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains — Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common microorganisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins.
Prokaryotic Cells01:51

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains—Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins.
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.

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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

A Single-cell genome for Thiovulum sp.

Ian P G Marshall1, Paul C Blainey, Alfred M Spormann

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford, California, USA.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers sequenced the genome of the uncultivated bacterium Thiovulum, revealing its rapid swimming is due to standard flagella. This study highlights Thiovulum

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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
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Induction of Cellular Differentiation and Single Cell Imaging of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Swimmer and Swarmer Cells

Published on: May 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Epsilonproteobacteria

Background:

  • Thiovulum, an uncultivated genus of Epsilonproteobacteria, inhabits oxic-anoxic marine interfaces.
  • This bacterium is known for its unique morphology and exceptionally rapid swimming motility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine a significant fraction of the genome sequence of Thiovulum.
  • To provide a genomic basis for understanding its physiological capabilities and diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell isolation using microfluidic laser-tweezing.
  • Whole-genome amplification via multiple-displacement amplification.
  • Genome sequencing and assembly of four individual cells.

Main Results:

  • A composite genome of 2.083 Mb was assembled from four single cells, containing 2,162 genes.
  • The genome confirms rapid swimming (615 μm/s) is achieved through standard flagellar machinery.
  • Analysis suggests greater natural diversity within Thiovulum populations than previously recognized.

Conclusions:

  • Standard bacterial flagella can achieve much higher speeds than previously thought.
  • The sequenced genome enables future isolation-independent studies of Thiovulum diversity.
  • Single-cell and metagenomic approaches can differentiate Thiovulum genotypes.