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Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
11:17

Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Published on: November 25, 2025

Safety-focused medication therapy management: a randomized controlled trial.

Daniel R Touchette1, Andrew L Masica, Rowena J Dolor

  • 1College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. drtouche@uic.edu

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Medication Therapy Management (MTM) interventions reduced drug-related problems (DRPs) in older adults but did not significantly decrease adverse drug events (ADEs) or healthcare visits. Enhanced MTM showed fewer medication discrepancies.

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Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
11:17

Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Published on: November 25, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacoeconomics and Health Services Research
  • Geriatric Pharmacy Practice
  • Clinical Trial Methodology

Background:

  • Medication Therapy Management (MTM) is crucial for optimizing medication use in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions.
  • Identifying and resolving drug-related problems (DRPs) is essential to prevent adverse drug events (ADEs) and improve patient outcomes.
  • Previous studies have shown varied effects of MTM interventions on clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of a structured MTM intervention on ADEs, healthcare visits, and DRPs in elderly patients.
  • To compare the effectiveness of enhanced MTM versus basic MTM in managing complex medication regimens.
  • To evaluate the resolution rate of DRPs identified by pharmacists.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 637 participants aged 65+ with multiple chronic illnesses and polypharmacy.
  • Pharmacists conducted comprehensive medication reviews, screening for and resolving DRPs through patient education and physician recommendations.
  • Outcomes measured included ADEs, healthcare visits, DRPs, pharmacist recommendations, and medication discrepancies at 3 and 6 months.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in potential ADEs or healthcare visits were observed between the usual care and MTM groups.
  • Both MTM intervention groups demonstrated a reduction in DRPs over the study period.
  • Enhanced MTM patients exhibited fewer medication list discrepancies compared to basic MTM patients (33.8% vs. 47.1%, P < 0.001).
  • Physicians acted upon 54.6% of pharmacist recommendations.

Conclusions:

  • This MTM intervention effectively reduced DRPs in older adults with multiple chronic conditions.
  • The intervention did not lead to a significant reduction in potential ADEs or healthcare visits.
  • Enhanced MTM may be more effective in reducing medication discrepancies than basic MTM.