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Inhibition shapes response selectivity in the inferior colliculus by gain modulation.

Joshua X Gittelman1, Le Wang, H S Colburn

  • 1Section of Neurobiology, Institute for Neuroscience, Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas Austin, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacological block of inhibition reveals its role in spike selectivity. Inhibition enhances selectivity by modulating neural gain, not just by differences in evoked inhibition.

Keywords:
directional selectivitygain controlinhibitionmodelingresponse selectivityspike threshold

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Neural Coding

Background:

  • Spike selectivity, where preferred stimuli evoke more neural spikes than null stimuli, is crucial for sensory processing.
  • Pharmacological block of inhibition is a common method to investigate its contribution to spike selectivity.
  • A prevailing interpretation suggests that differences in evoked inhibition create selectivity from less selective excitatory inputs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether differences in inhibition are necessary for enhancing spike selectivity.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which inhibition influences spike selectivity in computational models.
  • To determine if inhibitory block can distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory sources of synaptic selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of computational models based on empirical properties of inferior colliculus (IC) cells from awake bats.
  • Simulation of five distinct synaptic mechanisms to create preferred stimuli evoking more spikes than null stimuli.
  • Modeling experiments using empirical synaptic conductances derived from responses to preferred and null sounds.

Main Results:

  • Inhibitory differences are not required for enhancing spike selectivity; inhibition can improve selectivity by altering neural gain.
  • Blocking inhibition did not differentiate between purely excitatory or purely inhibitory synaptic selectivity.
  • Inhibition primarily enhanced spike selectivity through gain modulation and firing rate reduction, sometimes eliminating null-evoked spikes.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibition shapes spike selectivity mainly by gain control, rather than solely through differences in evoked inhibition.
  • The study challenges the common interpretation that inhibitory differences are essential for selectivity.
  • Findings highlight the multifaceted role of inhibition in neural processing and sensory coding.