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Diencephalic amnesia.

N R Graff-Radford1, D Tranel, G W Van Hoesen

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Diencephalic amnesia, linked to bilateral medial thalamic infarctions, impairs verbal and visual learning. Small, strategically located lesions may disrupt memory pathways, particularly temporal aspects of memory.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Diencephalic amnesia's anatomical basis and cognitive profile are not well understood.
  • Medial thalamic damage is implicated in memory deficits.

Observation:

  • Four patients with bilateral medial thalamic infarctions underwent MRI and neuropsychological testing.
  • Lesion locations were mapped using a stereotactic method.
  • Amygdala to dorsomedial nucleus pathways were traced in monkeys via autoradiography.

Findings:

  • Anteriorly located infarctions correlate with amnesia development.
  • Small, strategic lesions likely disrupt the mamillothalamic and ventroamygdalofugal pathways.
  • These pathways, adjacent in monkeys, can be bilaterally damaged by small lesions.

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Implications:

  • Amnesia involves deficits in anterograde and retrograde memory, sparing motor learning.
  • Bilateral diencephalic lesions may specifically impact the temporal dimensions of memory.
  • Findings clarify the neuroanatomical underpinnings of diencephalic amnesia.