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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Overview
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Osmoregulation in Fishes

When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...
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Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.

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Simulating the maintenance of a rare fish morph experiencing negative frequency dependent selection.

Lisa Horth1, Iordanka N Panayotova

  • 1Department of Biology, 4700 Elkhorn Ave Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. lhorth@odu.edu

Bio Systems
|October 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Numerical simulations show that rare fish color morphs can persist over long evolutionary timescales. This study models a fish pigmentation polymorphism, finding it stable across population sizes but vulnerable to high predation and low birth rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Theoretical ecology

Background:

  • Assessing the long-term maintenance of rare genotypes in natural populations is challenging.
  • Theoretical models like mutation-selection balance explain genotype maintenance.
  • Numerical simulations offer a powerful tool to study long-term evolutionary dynamics and control parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biological factors maintaining a fish color-pattern polymorphism using numerical simulations.
  • To model a two-morph fish polymorphism and test parameter sensitivity for rare morph persistence and population stability.
  • To simulate 10,000 generations to assess long-term evolutionary outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a numerical model for a two-morph fish polymorphism.
  • Simulation of population dynamics over 10,000 generations.
  • Testing the sensitivity of rare morph frequency and population stability to various biological parameters.

Main Results:

  • A stable polymorphism was maintained with a rare morph persisting at a frequency of approximately 10(-2).
  • The simulated polymorphism's stability was independent of population size.
  • High predation rates combined with low birth rates destabilized the polymorphism.

Conclusions:

  • Numerical simulations are effective for studying the long-term maintenance of rare morphs, particularly in species with empirical fitness data.
  • The modeled fish pigmentation polymorphism demonstrates stability under various conditions, mirroring natural populations.
  • This modeling approach can be adapted for other live-bearing fishes with rare pigmentation morphs.