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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Establishing In Vitro Models of Dorsal Root Ganglia Culture: Complementary Approaches for Investigating Cancer-Nerve Crosstalk
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Establishing In Vitro Models of Dorsal Root Ganglia Culture: Complementary Approaches for Investigating Cancer-Nerve Crosstalk

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[Current concepts in Neuro-Oncology].

S Hofer1

  • 1Klinik für Onkologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|October 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Molecular markers like 1p/19q co-deletion and MGMT promoter methylation are crucial for refining glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions, complementing traditional clinical factors and neuroimaging. These advancements improve patient care strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Molecular Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Historically, glioma prognosis relied on clinical factors (age, performance status, resection extent) and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA).
  • Recent advancements have significantly expanded the molecular understanding of gliomas.
  • Clinical trials now integrate molecular data for stratification and eligibility criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of key molecular markers in improving glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.
  • To highlight the evolving role of neuroimaging alongside molecular diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on molecular markers in glioma.
  • Focus on specific markers: 1p/19q co-deletion, MGMT promoter methylation, EGFR mutations, and IDH 1/2 mutation.

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Establishment of Orthotopic Patient-derived Xenograft Models for Brain Tumors using a Stereotaxic Device

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Establishing In Vitro Models of Dorsal Root Ganglia Culture: Complementary Approaches for Investigating Cancer-Nerve Crosstalk
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  • Discussion of conventional and advanced neuroimaging techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • 1p/19q co-deletion in WHO III glioma indicates a subgroup benefiting from chemotherapy and radiation.
    • MGMT promoter methylation predicts chemotherapy response in elderly glioblastoma patients.
    • Advanced MRI and PET imaging are increasingly used to assess tumor metabolic activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Molecular markers are essential for personalized glioma management, refining treatment decisions beyond clinical factors.
    • Neuroimaging remains critical for diagnosis and monitoring, with advanced techniques offering deeper insights.
    • The integration of molecular and imaging data promises improved outcomes for glioma patients.