Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tonicity in Animals01:16

Tonicity in Animals

Tonicity describes the amount of solute in a solution. The measure of the tonicity of a solution, or the total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution, is called its osmolarity. Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid that contains the cells. In a hypotonic solution, such as tap water, the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the fluid inside the cell,...
Tonicity in Animals00:59

Tonicity in Animals

The tonicity of a solution determines if a cell gains or loses water in that solution. The tonicity depends on the permeability of the cell membrane for different solutes and the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes in the solution within and outside of the cell. If a semipermeable membrane hinders the passage of some solutes but allows water to follow its concentration gradient, water moves from the side with low osmolarity (i.e., less solute) to the side with higher osmolarity (i.e.,...
Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity01:28

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity

Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration in a solution. It plays a critical role in determining water availability for organisms. Water moves across semipermeable membranes through osmosis, flowing from regions of lower solute concentration (more dilute) to regions of higher solute concentration (more concentrated).In high-solute environments, microbial cells lose water, leading to dehydration and inhibited growth. The extent to which water is available to microbes in such environments...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stepwise multi-gate control of the HOG MAPK pathway under hyperosmotic stress.

iScience·2026
Same author

Basal association of a transcription factor favors early gene expression.

PLoS genetics·2025
Same author

A single-cell resolved genotype-phenotype map using genome-wide genetic and environmental perturbations.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Transcriptional heterogeneity shapes stress-adaptive responses in yeast.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Redox proteomics reveal a role for peroxiredoxinylation in stress protection.

Cell reports·2025
Same author

The zinc-finger protein Z4 cooperates with condensin II to regulate somatic chromosome pairing and 3D chromatin organization.

Nucleic acids research·2024
Same journal

Coexistence of piRNA and KZFP defense systems: Evolutionary dynamics of layered defense against transposable elements.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Creation and manipulation of bipartite expression transgenes in C. elegans using phiC31 recombinase.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Inherited long telomeres induce a genome-wide transcriptional response in budding yeast.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Adaptive Dynamics of Quantitative Traits in a Steadily Changing Environment.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Functional Landscape of Zebrafish Gonadotropins and Receptors: A Comprehensive Genetic Analysis.

Genetics·2026
Same journal

Synergistic actions of Nup43 and Myosin VI drive actin cone assembly during Drosophila spermiogenesis.

Genetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Estimation of Structural Sensitivity of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Response to Hyperosmotic Stress in Living Cells Using FRET
05:13

Estimation of Structural Sensitivity of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Response to Hyperosmotic Stress in Living Cells Using FRET

Published on: January 12, 2024

Response to hyperosmotic stress.

Haruo Saito1, Francesc Posas

  • 1Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8638, Japan.

Genetics
|October 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Yeast cells adapt to hyperosmotic stress via the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, involving the Hog1 MAP kinase (MAPK). This conserved pathway regulates glycerol synthesis and cell survival under osmotic stress.

More Related Videos

Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis
08:08

Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis

Published on: February 19, 2018

Phosphoproteomic Strategy for Profiling Osmotic Stress Signaling in Arabidopsis
05:47

Phosphoproteomic Strategy for Profiling Osmotic Stress Signaling in Arabidopsis

Published on: June 25, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Estimation of Structural Sensitivity of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Response to Hyperosmotic Stress in Living Cells Using FRET
05:13

Estimation of Structural Sensitivity of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Response to Hyperosmotic Stress in Living Cells Using FRET

Published on: January 12, 2024

Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis
08:08

Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis

Published on: February 19, 2018

Phosphoproteomic Strategy for Profiling Osmotic Stress Signaling in Arabidopsis
05:47

Phosphoproteomic Strategy for Profiling Osmotic Stress Signaling in Arabidopsis

Published on: June 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hyperosmotic stress poses a significant survival challenge for cells, particularly free-living organisms like yeast.
  • The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae employs a complex adaptive program to manage hyperosmotic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the upstream signaling mechanisms and downstream adaptive responses to hyperosmotic stress in yeast.
  • To highlight the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway as a model for studying osmostress responses and signal transduction.

Main Methods:

  • The review summarizes current understanding based on existing research and literature.
  • Focuses on the components and functions of the HOG pathway, including osmosensors, Hog1 MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, and effector functions.

Main Results:

  • The HOG pathway governs yeast adaptation through cell-cycle arrest, altered gene expression, and glycerol synthesis.
  • The Hog1 MAPK cascade is conserved across fungal species and in higher eukaryotes, with mammalian p38 MAPK showing functional rescue of yeast mutants.

Conclusions:

  • The HOG pathway is crucial for yeast survival under hyperosmotic stress.
  • Its well-understood nature makes it an excellent model for signal transduction pathway analysis and mathematical modeling.