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Related Concept Videos

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
The Entropy as a State Function01:14

The Entropy as a State Function

Consider an arbitrary process that moves between two specific states (A and B) in a cyclic manner. This process is reversible and broken down into smaller parts that each follow a Carnot cycle. A Carnot cycle has two isothermal (constant temperature) processes. During these processes, the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to their respective temperature remains constant. The other two processes in the Carnot cycle are also reversible but adiabatic, which means they occur without any heat...
Absolute Entropies and the Third Law of Thermodynamics01:23

Absolute Entropies and the Third Law of Thermodynamics

Ludwig Edward Boltzmann developed a definition for entropy, which stated that absolute entropy is proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of possible combinations of particles. Entropy stands alone among state functions as the only one whose absolute values can be determined.Consider a gas sample confined to a container. As the container expands, the energy levels of gas molecules become more closely spaced. This increases the number of available energy states, thereby increasing...
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He mathematically...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Entropic test of quantum contextuality.

P Kurzyński1, R Ramanathan, D Kaszlikowski

  • 1Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore.

Physical Review Letters
|October 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores quantum contextuality in three-level quantum systems. Researchers developed a method using conditional entropy to identify minimal measurements revealing contextuality and formulated an inequality to test noncontextual theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Theory
  • Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
  • Quantum Measurement Theory

Background:

  • Quantum contextuality is a fundamental property challenging classical intuition.
  • Understanding contextuality is key to developing quantum technologies.
  • Previous work has explored contextuality through various theoretical frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contextuality of a three-level quantum system.
  • To develop a general method for identifying contextuality using classical conditional entropy.
  • To formulate and test an entropic contextual inequality.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical construction of minimal measurement configurations.
  • Formulation of an entropic contextual inequality analogous to Bell inequalities.
  • Identification of optimal measurements for violating the inequality.

Main Results:

  • The minimal measurement configuration required to reveal contextuality was analytically constructed.
  • An entropic contextual inequality was formulated, providing a test for noncontextual theories.
  • Optimal measurements demonstrating the violation of this inequality were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The developed approach offers a robust method for studying quantum contextuality.
  • The findings are extendable to higher-dimensional quantum systems and more measurements.
  • Theoretical predictions can be experimentally verified using current laboratory technology.