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Higgs mode in a two-dimensional superfluid.

L Pollet¹, N Prokof'ev

¹Department of Physics and Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80333 München, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|October 4, 2012

Summary

We found evidence of a Higgs amplitude mode in 2D field theories near a quantum critical point. This mode, a resonance in spectral density, shifts to high energies in the superfluid phase.

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Ultracold Atomic Gases

Background:

The Bose-Hubbard model describes interacting bosons in a lattice, relevant to ultracold atoms.
Quantum critical points (QCPs) exhibit unique phenomena at zero temperature.
Higgs amplitude modes are collective excitations associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the existence and behavior of a Higgs amplitude mode.
To analyze the spectral properties near the superfluid-Mott insulator quantum critical point.
To connect theoretical predictions with experimental observations in ultracold atoms.

Main Methods:

Analytical continuation of quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
Study of the Bose-Hubbard model in two dimensions.

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Analysis of spectral density and resonance behavior.

Main Results:

Solid evidence for a well-defined Higgs amplitude mode was found.
The mode appears as a low-frequency resonance in the spectral density.
In the superfluid phase, the mode shifts to high energies and merges with other excitations.
Simulations of trapped ultracold atoms show the resonance is often lost under typical experimental conditions.

Conclusions:

The Higgs amplitude mode exists in 2D relativistic field theories near QCPs.
Experimental parameters can obscure the observable Higgs mode in ultracold atom systems.
The characteristic frequency for a strong response remains a potentially observable feature.