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Nail and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation with azidothymidine therapy.
1Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|February 1, 1990
Summary
Azidothymidine can cause hyperpigmentation, particularly in nails, skin, and oral mucosa. Pigmentation severity correlates with intrinsic skin color, appearing more in darker-skinned individuals.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Dermatology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Azidothymidine (AZT) is an antiretroviral medication used in HIV treatment.
- Adverse drug reactions require thorough documentation and understanding.
Observation:
- Six patients receiving azidothymidine developed hyperpigmentation.
- Nail hyperpigmentation was observed in all affected patients.
- Skin and oral mucosal hyperpigmentation occurred in two patients each.
Findings:
- The degree of nail pigmentation was directly related to the patient's intrinsic skin color.
- Oral mucosal hyperpigmentation was exclusively observed in dark-skinned Black individuals.
- Histological examination revealed increased melanin deposition in the epidermis and dermis as the cause of pigmentation.
Implications:
- Clinicians should be aware of hyperpigmentation as a potential side effect of azidothymidine.
- Patient's skin color is a factor influencing the manifestation and severity of AZT-induced hyperpigmentation.
- Further research may explore mechanisms and management strategies for drug-induced hyperpigmentation.