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Updated: May 18, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
Published on: April 4, 2018
ACE I/D and eNOS E298D gene polymorphisms in Saudi subjects with hypertension
Ahmad Ali1, Abdullah Alghasham, Hisham Ismail
11Molecular Biology Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Burayda, Saudi Arabia.
Background:
Hypertension has a multifactorial background based on genetic and environmental interactive factors.
Objectives:
We aimed to test for the association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms with hypertension.
Subjects And Methods:
Participants included 120 Saudi patients with hypertension and 250 normal healthy controls. For all participants, DNA was processed for characterization of ACE I/D and eNOS E298D gene polymorphisms.
Results:
Hypertensive cases showed a significantly higher frequency of the ACE mutant D allele carriage (98.3% vs. 92.4%, p = 0.028, OR = 4.8). Cases with hypertension associated with diabetes and obesity showed 100% mutant D allele carriage. Regarding the eNOS E298D polymorphism, the frequency of the mutant D allele carriage was only observed to be higher among cases with hypertension associated with diabetes and obesity, in comparison with controls, yet not reaching statistical significance (41.2% vs. 34%, p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
There is increased frequency of ACE and eNOS mutant allele carriage among Saudi patients affected with hypertension, particularly if accompanied by obesity and diabetes.
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