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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

Sister chromatid cohesion.

Jan-Michael Peters1, Tomoko Nishiyama

  • 1IMP, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, Vienna, Austria. peters@imp.ac.at

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|October 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sister chromatid cohesion, crucial for accurate chromosome segregation, is maintained by cohesin complexes. Sororin protein inhibits Wapl, locking cohesin onto DNA for extended periods, vital for processes like mammalian oocyte development.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales
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Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales

Published on: January 20, 2023

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sister chromatid cohesion is vital for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • Cohesin complexes are the primary mediators of this cohesion, forming ring-like structures around DNA.
  • Dynamic binding of cohesin to DNA is converted to a stable form during replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying stable sister chromatid cohesion.
  • To investigate the roles of cohesin acetylation, sororin, and Wapl in regulating cohesion.
  • To understand the implications of sustained cohesion in specialized cell types like oocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to study protein-DNA interactions.
  • Analysis of cohesin acetylation and its effect on binding.
  • Investigating the antagonistic relationship between sororin and Wapl.
  • Cellular studies in mammalian oocytes.

Main Results:

  • Cohesin acetylation is required for its stable association with DNA during replication.
  • Sororin recruits to acetylated cohesin and antagonizes Wapl-mediated release.
  • Inhibition of Wapl by sororin stabilizes cohesin binding, enabling long-term cohesion.
  • This mechanism is particularly important for maintaining cohesion in mammalian oocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Sororin-mediated inhibition of Wapl is a key mechanism for establishing and maintaining stable sister chromatid cohesion.
  • This process is essential for the prolonged cohesion required in mammalian oocytes.
  • Understanding these dynamics provides insight into chromosome segregation fidelity.